Skip to main content

0338 - Counting Bits (Easy)

https://leetcode.com/problems/counting-bits/

Problem Statement

Given an integer n, return an array ans of length n + 1 such that for each i __ (0 <= i <= n), ans[i] is the number of 1's in the binary representation of i.

Example 1:

Input: n = 2
Output: [0,1,1]
Explanation:
0 --> 0
1 --> 1
2 --> 10

Example 2:

Input: n = 5
Output: [0,1,1,2,1,2]
Explanation:
0 --> 0
1 --> 1
2 --> 10
3 --> 11
4 --> 100
5 --> 101

Constraints:

  • 0 <= n <= 10^5

Follow up:

  • It is very easy to come up with a solution with a runtime of O(n log n). Can you do it in linear time O(n) and possibly in a single pass?
  • Can you do it without using any built-in function (i.e., like __builtin_popcount in C++)?

Approach 1: (n + 1) hammingWeight

If you've solved 0191 - Number of 1 Bits (Easy), then you can use that solution in this problem. The time complexity is O(nlogn)O(n logn).

Written by @wingkwong
class Solution {
public:
// Check out 0191 - Number of 1 Bits (Easy) - Approach 3
// for detailed explanation
int hammingWeight(int n) {
int ans = 0;
for (; n; n = n & (n - 1)) ans++;
return ans;
}

vector<int> countBits(int n) {
vector<int> ans;
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
ans.push_back(hammingWeight(i));
}
return ans;
}
};

Approach 2: One Pass

ii & (i1)(i - 1) is a common trick to turn the rightmost set bit to 00. For example, if i=(1000100)2i = (1000100)_2, then ii & (i1)(i - 1) would be (1000000)2(1000000)_2. We can iterate each number and calculate the number of 1s by adding 1 from the previous state.

The transition function is simply ans[i]=ans[ians[i] = ans[i & (i1)]+1(i - 1)] + 1.

Written by @wingkwong
class Solution {
public:
vector<int> countBits(int num) {
vector<int> ans(num + 1, 0);
for(int i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
// no. of 1s in (1000100) = no. of 1s in (1000000) + 1
ans[i] = ans[i & (i - 1)] + 1;
}
return ans;
}
};