0338 - Counting Bits (Easy)
Problem Link
https://leetcode.com/problems/counting-bits/
Problem Statement
Given an integer n
, return an array ans
of length n + 1
such that for each i
__ (0 <= i <= n
), ans[i]
is the number of 1
's in the binary representation of i
.
Example 1:
Input: n = 2
Output: [0,1,1]
Explanation:
0 --> 0
1 --> 1
2 --> 10
Example 2:
Input: n = 5
Output: [0,1,1,2,1,2]
Explanation:
0 --> 0
1 --> 1
2 --> 10
3 --> 11
4 --> 100
5 --> 101
Constraints:
0 <= n <= 10^5
Follow up:
- It is very easy to come up with a solution with a runtime of
O(n log n)
. Can you do it in linear timeO(n)
and possibly in a single pass? - Can you do it without using any built-in function (i.e., like
__builtin_popcount
in C++)?
Approach 1: (n + 1) hammingWeight
If you've solved 0191 - Number of 1 Bits (Easy), then you can use that solution in this problem. The time complexity is .
class Solution {
public:
// Check out 0191 - Number of 1 Bits (Easy) - Approach 3
// for detailed explanation
int hammingWeight(int n) {
int ans = 0;
for (; n; n = n & (n - 1)) ans++;
return ans;
}
vector<int> countBits(int n) {
vector<int> ans;
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
ans.push_back(hammingWeight(i));
}
return ans;
}
};
Approach 2: One Pass
& is a common trick to turn the rightmost set bit to . For example, if , then & would be . We can iterate each number and calculate the number of 1s by adding 1 from the previous state.
The transition function is simply & .
class Solution {
public:
vector<int> countBits(int num) {
vector<int> ans(num + 1, 0);
for(int i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
// no. of 1s in (1000100) = no. of 1s in (1000000) + 1
ans[i] = ans[i & (i - 1)] + 1;
}
return ans;
}
};