0093 - Restore IP Addresses (Medium)

Problem Link

https://leetcode.com/problems/restore-ip-addresses/

Problem Statement

A valid IP address consists of exactly four integers separated by single dots. Each integer is between 0 and 255 (inclusive) and cannot have leading zeros.

• For example, "0.1.2.201" and "192.168.1.1" are valid IP addresses, but "0.011.255.245", "192.168.1.312" and "192.168@1.1" are invalid IP addresses.

Given a string s containing only digits, return all possible valid IP addresses that can be formed by inserting dots intos. You are not allowed to reorder or remove any digits in s. You may return the valid IP addresses in any order.

Example 1:

Input: s = "25525511135"
Output: ["255.255.11.135","255.255.111.35"]

Example 2:

Input: s = "0000"
Output: ["0.0.0.0"]

Example 3:

Input: s = "101023"
Output: ["1.0.10.23","1.0.102.3","10.1.0.23","10.10.2.3","101.0.2.3"]

Constraints:

• 1 <= s.length <= 20
• s consists of digits only.

Approach 1: Iterative

C++

Written by @wingkwong

// ideas:
// A valid ip address would have 4 parts separated by dots
// we iterate through `s` to insert 3 dots and separate the string into 4 segments
// for each segment, we check if it is valid
// if all 4 segments are valid, we combine those 4 segments with dots and push to the answer

class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> restoreIpAddresses(string s) {
        vector<string> ans;
        int n = s.size();
        // iterate `s` - place 3 dots to have 4 segments 
        // [seg1].[seg2].[seg3].[seg4]
        // 1st dot - we just need to run it 3 times at most
        // e.g. for 255, we can place the first dot at `2.55`, `25.5` or `255.`
        for (int i = 1; i < 4 && i < n; i++) {
            // we place the 2nd dot in a similar way
            for (int j = i + 1; j < i + 4 && j < n; j++) {
                // we place the 3rd dot in a similar way
                for (int k = j + 1; k < j + 4 && k < n; k++) {
                    // now we can separate into 4 segments
                    string seg1 = s.substr(0, i),
                           seg2 = s.substr(i, j - i),
                           seg3 = s.substr(j, k - j), 
                           seg4 = s.substr(k);
                    // for each segment, check if it is valid
                    if (ok(seg1) && ok(seg2) && ok(seg3) && ok(seg4)) {
                        // if so, we build the ip address and push to answer
                        ans.push_back(seg1 + "." + seg2 + "." + seg3 + "." + seg4);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
    
    // check if a given IP address segment is valid
    // 192 -> true
    // 312 -> false
    bool ok(string s) {
        // string length > 3 is not a valid IP address segment
        if (s.size() > 3 || 
            // empty segment is not valid
            s.size() == 0 ||
            // if the first character is 0, we cannot have something like 0x, 0xx
            (s[0] == '0' && s.size() > 1) || 
            // segment is out of range
            stoi(s) > 255
           ) {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
};

Java

Written by @wingkwong

// ideas:
// A valid ip address would have 4 parts separated by dots
// we iterate through `s` to insert 3 dots and separate the string into 4 segments
// for each segment, we check if it is valid
// if all 4 segments are valid, we combine those 4 segments with dots and push to the answer
class Solution {
    public List<String> restoreIpAddresses(String s) {
        List<String> ans = new ArrayList<>();
        int n = s.length();
        // iterate `s` - place 3 dots to have 4 segments 
        // [seg1].[seg2].[seg3].[seg4]
        // 1st dot - we just need to run it 3 times at most
        // e.g. for 255, we can place the first dot at `2.55`, `25.5` or `255.`
        for (int i = 1; i < 4 && i < n; i++) {
            // we place the 2nd dot in a similar way
            for (int j = i + 1; j < i + 4 && j < n; j++) {
                // we place the 3rd dot in a similar way
                for (int k = j + 1; k < j + 4 && k < n; k++) {
                    // now we can separate into 4 segments
                    String seg1 = s.substring(0, i),
                           seg2 = s.substring(i, j),
                           seg3 = s.substring(j, k), 
                           seg4 = s.substring(k);
                    // for each segment, check if it is valid
                    if (ok(seg1) && ok(seg2) && ok(seg3) && ok(seg4)) {
                        // if so, we build the ip address and push to answer
                        ans.add(seg1 + "." + seg2 + "." + seg3 + "." + seg4);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
    
    // check if a given IP address segment is valid
    // 192 -> true
    // 312 -> false
    private boolean ok(String s) {
        // string length > 3 is not a valid IP address segment
        if (s.length() > 3 || 
            // empty segment is not valid
            s.length() == 0 ||
            // if the first character is 0, we cannot have something like 0x, 0xx
            (s.charAt(0) == '0' && s.length() > 1) || 
            // segment is out of range
            Integer.parseInt(s) > 255
           ) {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
}

Python

Written by @wingkwong

# ideas:
# A valid ip address would have 4 parts separated by dots
# we iterate through `s` to insert 3 dots and separate the string into 4 segments
# for each segment, we check if it is valid
# if all 4 segments are valid, we combine those 4 segments with dots and push to the answer
class Solution:
    def restoreIpAddresses(self, s: str) -> List[str]:
        ans = []
        n = len(s)
        
        # check if a given IP address segment is valid
        # 192 -> true
        # 312 -> false
        def ok(seg: str) -> bool:
            # string length > 3 is not a valid IP address segment
            # empty segment is not valid
            # if the first character is 0, we cannot have something like 0x, 0xx
            # segment is out of range
            if len(seg) > 3 or len(seg) == 0 or (seg[0] == '0' and len(seg) > 1) or int(seg) > 255:
                return False
            return True
    
        # iterate `s` - place 3 dots to have 4 segments 
        # [seg1].[seg2].[seg3].[seg4]
        # 1st dot - we just need to run it 3 times at most
        # e.g. for 255, we can place the first dot at `2.55`, `25.5` or `255.`
        for i in range(1, 4):
            # we place the 2nd dot in a similar way
            for j in range(i + 1, i + 4):
                # we place the 3rd dot in a similar way
                for k in range(j + 1, j + 4):
                    # now we can separate into 4 segments
                    seg1, seg2, seg3, seg4 = s[:i], s[i:j], s[j:k], s[k:]
                    # for each segment, check if it is valid
                    if ok(seg1) and ok(seg2) and ok(seg3) and ok(seg4):
                        # if so, we build the ip address and push to answer
                        ans.append(seg1 + "." + seg2 + "." + seg3 + "." + seg4)
        return ans

Rust

Written by @wingkwong

// ideas:
// A valid ip address would have 4 parts separated by dots
// we iterate through `s` to insert 3 dots and separate the string into 4 segments
// for each segment, we check if it is valid
// if all 4 segments are valid, we combine those 4 segments with dots and push to the answer

impl Solution {
    fn restore_ip_addresses(s: String) -> Vec<String> {
        let mut ans = vec![];
        let n = s.len();
        // iterate `s` - place 3 dots to have 4 segments 
        // [seg1].[seg2].[seg3].[seg4]
        // 1st dot - we just need to run it 3 times at most
        // e.g. for 255, we can place the first dot at `2.55`, `25.5` or `255.`
        for i in 1 .. 4 {
            // we place the 2nd dot in a similar way
            for j in i + 1 .. i + 4 {
                // we place the 3rd dot in a similar way
                for k in j + 1 .. j + 4 {
                    if k < n {
                        // now we can separate into 4 segments
                        let seg1 = &s[..i];
                        let seg2 = &s[i..j];
                        let seg3 = &s[j..k];
                        let seg4 = &s[k..];
                        // for each segment, check if it is valid
                        if Solution::ok(seg1) && 
                           Solution::ok(seg2) && 
                           Solution::ok(seg3) && 
                           Solution::ok(seg4) {
                            // if so, we build the ip address and push to answer
                            ans.push(format!("{}.{}.{}.{}", seg1, seg2, seg3, seg4));
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        ans
    }

    // check if a given IP address segment is valid
    // 192 -> true
    // 312 -> false
    fn ok(seg: &str) -> bool {
        seg.len() > 0 && seg.len() <= 3 && !(seg.starts_with('0') && seg.len() > 1) && seg.parse::<u32>().unwrap() <= 255
    }
}